Heredity and Glaucoma Explained| SpecSMART Eye Clinic Ikeja

Comparison of healthy (A) and glaucomatous (B) optic nerves with labeled regions| SpecSMART Eye Clinic Ikeja

By Dr. Mary Ann Aligweke (OD)

Heredity plays a major role in the development of certain diseases, and one of the most critical eye conditions linked to genetics is glaucoma. At SpecSMART Eye Clinic Ikeja, we emphasize the importance of routine eye examinations, especially if you have a family history of this silent sight-threatening disease.

What Is Heredity?

Heredity, or biological inheritance, refers to the transmission of traits from parents to their offspring. This occurs due to changes or mutations in DNA that are passed down through generations.

The study of how these traits are inherited is known as genetics. Many health conditions, including eye-related issues, have a strong hereditary link. Common hereditary diseases include:

  • Diabetes

  • Heart disease

  • Asthma

  • Primary open-angle glaucoma

What Is Glaucoma?

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, usually due to increased pressure in the eye. This damage can result in vision loss and eventually blindness if left untreated. The two major types of glaucoma are:

1. Open-Angle Glaucoma

This is the most common form. It occurs when the eye's drainage system becomes inefficient, causing fluid buildup and increased intraocular pressure. Over time, this pressure damages the optic nerve.

2. Angle-Closure Glaucoma

This less common but more dangerous type happens when the iris blocks the eye’s drainage angle, leading to a sudden increase in pressure — known as an acute attack.

Hereditary Glaucoma: The Genetic Connection

While glaucoma can affect anyone, individuals with a family history of the condition are four to nine times more likely to develop it. Primary open-angle glaucoma, in particular, is strongly hereditary.

Researchers have identified at least 16 genes linked to this form of glaucoma. This makes it essential for anyone with a family history of glaucoma to see an optometrist regularly for early detection and management.

How to Detect Glaucoma Early

At SpecSMART Eye Clinic Ikeja , we offer comprehensive glaucoma screening that includes:

  • Intraocular pressure (IOP) test

  • Central visual field test

  • Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

These tests help identify early signs of glaucoma, even before noticeable symptoms occur.

Why Routine Eye Exams Are Crucial

Even if there’s no known family history, glaucoma can still occur without a clear cause — this is known as idiopathic glaucoma. That’s why annual eye checkups with a qualified optometrist are vital for everyone, especially adults over 40.

Conclusion

Understanding the role of heredity in eye health can help prevent irreversible vision loss. If you have a family history of glaucoma or simply want to stay on top of your eye health, book an eye examination today at SpecSMART Eye Clinic Ikeja.

We are committed to providing top-tier eye care services in Ikoyi and Ikeja through professional, compassionate, and personalized care.

(FAQs)

Q1: How often should I get my eyes checked if glaucoma runs in my family?

You should have a comprehensive eye exam once a year or as recommended by your optometrist.

Q2: Can glaucoma be cured?

No, glaucoma can’t be cured, but early detection and treatment can help prevent vision loss.

Q3: What age should I start glaucoma screening?

If you have a family history, you should start screening by age 35. Otherwise, routine checks should begin from age 40.

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