By Dr Martina Chinwuba(O.D)
Astigmatism is one of the most common refractive errors in the world, affecting people of all ages. Though many may experience its symptoms without fully understanding the underlying causes, astigmatism can significantly impact one's quality of life if left uncorrected. As an optometrist, my role is not only to diagnose and treat this condition but to help patients understand how they can achieve clearer vision and enhanced visual comfort.
In this post, we will explore what astigmatism is, how it’s diagnosed, and the different treatment options available to manage and correct it effectively. From glasses to advanced surgical procedures, there is a wide range of solutions tailored to meet the unique needs of each patient.
What Is Astigmatism?
Astigmatism happens when the cornea or lens of the eye isn’t perfectly round, causing blurry or distorted vision. Ideally, the cornea is smooth and shaped like a football, which allows light entering the eye to focus evenly on the retina at the back of the eye. However, with astigmatism, the cornea or lens may have an uneven curvature, typically shaped more like a rugby ball or oval. This irregular shape causes light to focus on multiple points inside the eye, instead of just one point on the retina. The result is blurred or distorted vision.
Astigmatism can vary in severity and often occurs alongside other refractive errors like myopia (nearsightedness) or hyperopia (farsightedness). It may also exist on its own. Some people have astigmatism from birth, while others may develop it over time due to eye injuries, surgeries, or age-related changes. Astigmatism is classified based on its axis and the extent of the corneal irregularity, often referred to as the “degree” of astigmatism, measured in diopters. Mild astigmatism may not be noticeable, while more severe cases can significantly affect vision.
How Is Astigmatism Diagnosed?
As optometrists in SpecSMART eye clinic in Ikoyi and Ikeja Lagos, diagnosing astigmatism is an essential part of a comprehensive eye exam. The process begins with a thorough review of the patient's vision history and any symptoms they may have been experiencing. A common sign of astigmatism is blurred or distorted vision, especially when looking at both near and far objects.
Key tests to diagnose astigmatism in the SpecSMART eye clinic:
● Refraction Test:
This test helps determine the exact prescription needed to correct vision. During the test, you’ll be asked to look through a device called a phoropter while different lenses are placed in front of your eyes. This helps us pinpoint the exact level of astigmatism and other refractive errors.
● Keratometry or Corneal Topography:
These instruments measure the shape and curvature of the cornea. Keratometry uses a special light to map the curvature, while corneal topography provides a detailed, computerized map of the eye’s surface. Both tests help us understand the extent and direction of the astigmatism.
● Visual Acuity Test:
This test is done to assess how well you see at various distances, which can further clarify the degree of astigmatism. These tests combined allow optometrists in SpecSMART eye clinics Ikoyi and Ikeja Lagos to determine the best course of action for treating the condition and ensuring clear, comfortable vision.
Treatment Options for Astigmatism
Treating astigmatism involves correcting the way light enters the eye, which can be achieved through different methods, depending on the patient’s preference and the severity of their condition. Below are the main treatment options optometrists in SpecSMART eye clinics Ikoyi and Ikeja Lagos recommend:
1. Eyeglasses: A Simple and Effective Solution
For most individuals with astigmatism, eyeglasses are the most common and effective solution. The primary purpose of glasses is to compensate for the irregular shape of the cornea, allowing light to focus properly on the retina.
Cylindrical Lenses:
Glasses for astigmatism feature cylindrical lenses, which have a specific curvature to correct the uneven corneal shape. The curvature of these lenses compensates for the axis of astigmatism, helping light focus on a single point. For patients who have other refractive errors like nearsightedness or farsightedness, these lenses are combined with spherical lenses to address multiple issues simultaneously.
Eyeglasses are ideal for mild to moderate astigmatism and offer a non-invasive, easy-to-use solution. They also come in a wide variety of styles and materials, making them a versatile option for most patients.
2. Contact Lenses:
Clear Vision Without the Frames Many people opt for contact lenses as an alternative to eyeglasses. Contact lenses sit directly on the eye, allowing for a wider field of vision without the need for glasses.
For astigmatism, optometrists often recommend several types of contact lenses:
● Toric Contact Lenses: These specialized lenses are designed to correct astigmatism by having different powers in different meridians. Toric lenses are available in both soft and rigid gas-permeable (RGP) varieties. The design allows them to maintain their shape on the eye, ensuring consistent vision correction.
● Scleral Lenses: For patients with more significant or irregular astigmatism, scleral lenses can be an effective solution. These large, rigid lenses vault over the cornea and rest on the sclera (the white part of the eye). They create a smooth surface over the irregular cornea, improving visual clarity and comfort.
● Hybrid Contact Lenses: These lenses combine the comfort of soft lenses with the clarity of rigid gas-permeable lenses. They are designed for patients with moderate astigmatism who want the benefits of contact lenses but require greater stability. Optometrists ensure that contact lenses are properly fitted to the eye to prevent discomfort and ensure optimal vision correction. Additionally, regular check-ups are important to monitor the health of the eye and the fit of the lenses.
3. Refractive Surgery:
A More Permanent Solution For patients with moderate to high astigmatism, refractive surgery can provide a long-term solution by reshaping the cornea to correct the irregular curvature.
The most common refractive surgeries include:
● LASIK (Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis): LASIK uses a laser to reshape the cornea, allowing light to focus correctly on the retina. This procedure is often recommended for individuals with moderate astigmatism and is popular due to its quick recovery time and long-lasting results.
● PRK (Photorefractive Keratectomy): PRK is a laser eye surgery similar to LASIK but doesn’t involve creating a flap in the cornea. Instead, the outer layer of the cornea is removed, and the laser reshapes the corneal tissue beneath. PRK can be a better option for individuals with thin corneas or those who don’t qualify for LASIK.
● SMILE (Small Incision Lenticule Extraction): SMILE is a minimally invasive refractive surgery where a laser is used to remove a small amount of tissue from the cornea to correct astigmatism. It is a newer technique that offers fewer complications and quicker recovery than LASIK.
Refractive surgery is suitable for individuals with stable prescriptions who want to eliminate the need for glasses or contact lenses. A thorough eye exam and consultation are necessary to determine whether you are a candidate for surgery.
4. Orthokeratology:
A Non-Surgical Option for Mild Astigmatism Orthokeratology, or Ortho-K, is a non-surgical treatment that involves wearing specially designed rigid contact lenses overnight to reshape the cornea. While the effect is temporary, it provides a way for patients with mild astigmatism to go without glasses or contact lenses during the day.
Ortho-K is ideal for people who have mild astigmatism but want the freedom of clear vision without relying on traditional vision correction methods during the day.
Why Treating Astigmatism Is Important?
Left untreated, astigmatism can cause eye strain, headaches, and difficulty seeing clearly, especially in low-light conditions. It may also contribute to visual fatigue, making activities like reading, driving, or using a computer uncomfortable. In children, untreated astigmatism can lead to poor academic performance due to difficulty reading or seeing the board clearly.
By diagnosing and treating astigmatism early, optometrists in SpecSMART clinics Ikoyi and Ikeja can help prevent these issues and improve the patient's overall quality of life. Whether through glasses, contact lenses or other methods, the right treatment plan can ensure that individuals with astigmatism can enjoy clear, comfortable vision.
Conclusion
Astigmatism is a common but treatable eye condition that affects millions of people around the world. As optometrists in the SpecSMART eye clinic, our goal is to work closely with each patient to determine the best method of treatment based on their specific needs. Whether it’s through glasses, contact lenses, or surgery, correcting astigmatism can significantly improve vision and quality of life. If you're experiencing symptoms of astigmatism or have been diagnosed with it, it’s important to consult with an optometrist to discuss your treatment options.
At SpecSMART Eye Clinic Ikoyi and Ikeja Lagos, we are dedicated to providing comprehensive eye care that addresses not only astigmatism but all aspects of your eye health. Whether you're looking for an eyeglasses prescription, interested in contact lenses, or considering refractive surgery, our experienced team is here to help you find the best solution. Schedule an appointment with us today and take the first step towards clearer, more comfortable vision!